![]() ![]() The first motherboard (then called a planar or a “breadboard”) was invented by IBM and sold on its first personal computer (PC) in 1981. His research into the creation and production of tactile graphics demonstrates the process of actually making the unseen visible. Tim Cranmer, Louisville’s own blind inventor, left the blind of Kentucky and the world a legacy of love and improved Braille literacy. ![]() Who invented the abacus in 3000 BC?Ībacus was invented by the ancient Chinese, about 5000 years ago | MnA. On each rod, the classic Chinese abacus has 2 beads on the upper deck and 5 on the lower deck such an abacus is also referred to as a 2/5 abacus. The device was made of wood with metal re-inforcements. The abacus, called Suan-Pan in Chinese, as it appears today, was first chronicled circa 1200 C.E. 8 Where did the Japanese abacus beads come from?.7 What was the abacus used for in medieval times?.This work by Eric & Chun-Chih Hadley-Ives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Ronan) about the history of the abacus.Īrticles of Chinese history: oil well, parachute, compass, gunpowder, first dictionary, paper currency, wheels.īack to the World History Timeline in English Finally, you can read page 32 from the Shorter Science and Civilisation in China: An Abridgement (of Joseph Needham's work by Colin A.Some sources claim an abacus was used in Babylon about 4,200 years ago, and many sources claim the abacus was not invented in China. This page from the Bookrags website gives a very thorough description of the history of the abacus, using descriptions from various reference sources on the Internet.This one says the Chinese abacus is one of the 101 most important inventions in human history. Another Chinese language article (traditional characters) about the abacus.Here is a Chinese language (traditional characters) website describing the history of the Chinese abacus, and mentioning Xu Yueh’s part in its history.Here is a paper titled Change of Mental Representation with the Expertise of Mental Abacus ( available in pdf) by Hidenari Negishi, Kazuhiro Ueda, Mitsugu Kuriyama, Masaharu Kato, Hideo Kawaguchi, and Hirokazu Atsumori.If you’re ever interested in cultural differences in thought, look for the work of Richard Nisbett. This fascinating paper (actually, a book chapter) on Culture and Cognition (by Richard Nisbett and Ara Norenzayan) has, on page ten, a discussion of abacus users (pdf).The Science Frontiers website has some interesting pages about calculating prodigies, which seems like a topic related to mental abacus.It is interesting to note that calculating prodigies often report that visual and intuitive methods lie behind their astonishing mathematical abilites, perhaps corresponding in some way to the mental abacus methods. This is an interesting example of visual thinking (which is usually intuitive) performing abstract analytical thinking (mathematics). The mental abacus method rests upon a principle of visual imagination, as the mind recalls an abacus image and manipulates visual memory as imagined beads are moved around in the fantasized abacus. Some people transform the abacus calculation operation’s principles for mental arithmetic (the mental abacus methods). The computational methods using an abacus are called abacus calculations. The basic operations for which the abacus is helpful include arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. There is a cross rod to divide beads into two parts, above the rod each bead represents quantities of five, while under the rod each bead represents quantities of one. It has a rectanglular wooden frame with beads in columns (nowadays you also can find abacus made with plastic or other materials rather than wood). The abacus is similar to the modern calculator. The abacus is a tool for calculating numbers, and was widely used in ancient times up to the invention of the modern mechanical and electronic calculators. The abacus was first mentioned (possibly improved upon, but not invented) by the mathematician Xu Yueh (徐岳) at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 A.D).
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